Bending and connecting tubes

Timeless Tube offer bending and joining solutions for circular and non-circular tube profiles across a range of radii and geometries. Whether you need a single prototype bend or production-volume fabrication, our technical team can help identify the most suitable method for your application.

Bending

Fixed Radius Bending

Fixed radius bending produces precise bends with consistent radii and clearly defined bend positions.

We hold tooling for a range of our most popular oval profiles (elliptical and flat-sided oval) in both the A Plane (weak-axis bend/ narrow-face bend / "the easy way") and B Plane (strong-axis bend/ wide-face bend / "the hard way").

We typically recommend tube with a wall thickness of 2mm or greater to reduce the risk of necking or deformation during bending.

Yacht handrail (flat-sided oval tube, stainless steel 316L, 62 x 31 x 2mm)

Profile Size
A Plane CLR (Centreline Radius)
B Plane CLR (Centreline Radius)
Oval 30.5 x 17.5mm
90mm, 115mm, 150mm
135mm
Oval 39.5 x 20.5mm
90mm, 100mm, 145mm
140mm
Oval 47 x 25mm
100mm
138mm, 180mm
Oval 61 x 37mm
102mm, 130mm, 147mm, 163mm, 265mm
135mm, 163mm, 180mm, 265mm
Oval 71 x 45mm
200mm
225mm
Oval 86 x 58mm
170mm
200mm, 250mm, 320mm
Oval 121 x 76mm
325mm
Flat-Sided Oval 14.8 x 7.5mm
75mm
Flat-Sided Oval 62 x 31mm
250mm
A-Plane Tube Bend

A Plane: Minor-axis bend (weak-axis bend / narrow-face bend / "the easy way")

B-Plane Tube Bend

B Plane: Major-axis bend (strong-axis bend / wide-face bend / "the hard way")

Fixed Radius Bend Tooling

The table above shows our current fixed radius tooling. If your required centreline radius (CLR) is 2.5× or greater than the tube diameter in the plane being bent, we can often custom-make tooling to suit. For tighter bends below this threshold, mandrel bending may be more appropriate — speak to our technical team to discuss options.

Stainless steel oval tube handrail balustrade turns (39.5 x 20.5 x 2mm) in grade 304

Flat-sided oval tube laboratory water dispensers (39 x 19 x 1.5mm) made from stainless steel 316L

Oval tube aerospace conduit (14.6 x 7.8 x 1mm) made from stainless steel 316L with flared tube ends

Bending

Ring Rolling for Continuous Curves

Ring rolling produces smooth, flowing geometry with large radii — continuous curves, full rings, and sweeping handrail sections. Unlike fixed radius bending, there is no limit on the length of tube that can be bent, making it ideal for long architectural and marine handrail runs.

We hold ring rolling tooling for a wide range of oval, flat-sided oval, D-shaped, and round tube profiles. Compound curves — bends that transition between two or more planes, or combine multiple radii — can also be produced using our ring rolling machinery.

Feature air vent, Selfridges, London (oval tube, stainless steel 316L, 61 x 37 x 2mm)

Bar stool (oval tube, stainless steel 316L, 23.5 x 13.3 x 1.5mm and 39.5 x 20.5 x 2mm)

Handrail (radiused rectangle tube, stainless steel 316L, 58.5 x 34 x 2mm)

Marple Aqueduct, Bisca Architects (flat-sided oval tube, stainless steel 316L, 62 x 31 x 3mm)

Profile Size
A Plane Ring Rolling
B Plane Ring Rolling
Rolling (no plane)
Oval 30.5 x 17.5mm
Oval 39.5 x 20.5mm
Angled at 30°
Oval 43 x 30mm
Oval 47 x 25mm
Oval 61 x 37mm
Oval 71 x 45mm
Flat-sided oval 51 x 26mm
D-shaped 50 x 18mm
D-shaped 65 x 28mm
Round 12.7mm (1/2")
Round 9.525mm (3/8")
Round 25.4mm (1")
Round 31.75mm (1-1/4")
Round 38.1mm (1-1/2")
Round 60mm
A-Plane Tube Bend

A Plane: Minor-axis bend (weak-axis bend / narrow-face bend / "the easy way")

B-Plane Tube Bend

B Plane: Major-axis bend (strong-axis bend / wide-face bend / "the hard way")

Bending

Compound Curves

Compound curves are bends that transition between two or more planes, or combine multiple radii within a single plane. These are produced on our ring rolling machinery and are commonly used for boat rails, architectural features, and other complex assemblies.

Our fabricators work from 1:1 printed templates to achieve accurate compound bends on larger assemblies. See our guidance on drawings and templates below for more detail on what we need to produce a quotation.

Bending

Coiling

Coiled tube forms are produced by continuing the ring rolling process beyond a single ring. Our coils are typically formed from smaller-diameter tubes for use in heat transfer, food processing, and pharmaceutical applications.

Coiling is currently available for circular tubing and a limited range of flat-sided oval tubing in both the A Plane and B Plane. Minimum coil diameters depend on the tube profile, wall thickness, and material grade — contact our technical team to discuss your requirements.

Bending

Folding & Controlled Compression

We offer acute-angle folding for flat-sided oval tubes with a high width-to-height ratio. These sharply folded tubes provide a lightweight yet rigid alternative to heavy solid bars, making them well-suited for internal wall supports, frames, and custom architectural features.

Using a hydraulic press and bespoke tooling, we can also collapse the hollow at the end of shallow flat-sided oval tubes through controlled compression (calibrated flattening). When the top and bottom faces are pressed together with no visible gap, drill holes can be machined through both walls to create an economical fixing point.

Internal wall supports (flat-sided oval tube, stainless steel 304, 24 x 10 x 1.5mm)

Welded and pressed support brace (flat-sided oval tube, aluminium 6060 T6, 36 x 13.5 x 1.5mm)

Bending

Frequently Asked Questions

Connecting

Connectors

Our connectors create angled transitions between tube sections where bending is not practical, or where a crisp, architectural joint is desired. We offer a range of solutions — from stocked cast elbow and straight connectors to custom dry-fit mechanical joiners and CNC-machined lap joints — depending on your angle requirements, whether on-site welding is an option, and the volumes involved. Below is a summary of what's available.

Connecting

Cast elbow and straight connectors

Our 90° elbow connectors create crisp, angled transitions between tube sections in instances where bending is not practical, or where an architectural joint is desired. Manufactured from 316L marine-grade stainless steel using an investment casting process, these thick-walled connectors are stronger at the join than tube that has been cut and welded.

We stock elbow connectors in two orientations — A Plane (minor-axis / vertical, typically used for vertical bends on staircases) and B Plane (major-axis / horizontal, typically used for handrails, balconies and balustrades). There are also some straight connectors for joining lengths of tube end-to-end.

Connectors can also be cast in other profiles and materials provided the order size and lead time are sufficient.

All stocked cast connectors are manufactured from stainless steel 316L. This marine-grade alloy is suited to external railings, boat handrails, and other corrosive environments. We can supply connectors in other metals that we work with (subject to order size and lead time). View all our metals and finishes.

Lower volumes or tight lead times? Our mechanical joiners, CNC-machined lap joints, or mitre-cutting service may be more appropriate — see below.

Oval Connectors

D-Shaped Connectors

Oval Tube Elbow Connectors, Straight Connectors and End Caps (Cast Stainless Steel)

DIMENSIONS
90° “A” PLANE
75° “A” PLANE
90° “B” PLANE
STRAIGHT CONNECTOR
END CAP
LASER END CAPS
23.5 x 13.3 x 1.5mm
30.5 x 17.5 x 1.5mm
39.5 x 20.5 x 1.5mm
47 x 25 x 1.5mm
61 x 37 x 2mm
61 x 37 x 3mm
71 x 45 x 2.77mm
86 x 58 x 3mm
121 x 76 x 3mm

D-Shaped Tube Elbow Connectors, Straight Connectors and End Caps (Cast Stainless Steel)

DIMENSIONS
90° “A” PLANE
75° “A” PLANE
90° “B” PLANE
STRAIGHT CONNECTOR
END CAP
LASER END CAPS
65 x 27 x 2mm
100 x 38 x 2mm
Connecting

How to fit the elbow and straight connectors

Our cast connectors use a tight interference fit and will typically require some minor fettling or grinding, and/or tapping with a soft mallet. Most fabricators also TIG-weld and polish the joins for a watertight, seamless result. Join marks can be removed by progressively blending and polishing — apply a grained finish before mirror polishing for the smoothest, most reflective result.

Our specialist tube fabricators can supply your tubing with pre-fitted connectors, TIG-welded and finished to your specification — please ask for a quotation.

Where welding is not possible, the connectors can be dry-joined, though welding is strongly recommended for a permanent, watertight connection.

When a join angle of less than 90° is required, connectors can be mitre-cut to the precise angle needed then TIG-welded together. A Plane and B Plane connectors can also be mitre-cut and welded together to create compound joins.

Ask phone or email if you would like a quotation for our mitre-joining fabrication.

Talk to an expert

Brushed stainless steel balcony handrail (California), made from oval tube (47 × 25 × 2mm) joined with B Plane elbow connector with visible join

Lockable fridge handle for yacht made from stainless steel 316L oval tube (23.5 × 13.3 × 1.5mm) joined with A Plane elbow connectors

Super mirror polished stainless steel oval yacht handrail made from 71 x 45 x 2.8mm oval tube joined with B Plane elbow connector

Interior grab rail for yacht made from polished stainless steel oval tube (47 × 25 × 1.5mm), joined with B Plane elbow connector

Coffee table with stainless steel oval tube legs by Synergigi, Canada (47 × 25 × 1.5mm), joined with A Plane connectors

YA and B Plane oval tube elbow connectors made from cast stainless steel 316L, with straight connector and end caps (for 23.5 x 13.3mm oval tube)

Oval tubing joiners

A Plane oval elbow connectors (pictured left) and B Plane oval elbow connectors (pictured right), made from cast stainless steel 316L

Connecting

Dry-fit mechanical connector — no welding required

Our dry-fit mechanical connectors can be custom-made for tube profiles of all sizes and shapes, for both curved and straight sections. They are ideal where on-site welding is not practical — providing a discreet, neat, and secure connection that can be assembled on-site.

The design, unique to Timeless Tube, features a short spigot that slots into a tapered pocket, giving exceptional strength. End plate fixings prevent the flaring, thinning, and looseness often seen with many handrail connectors, while unobtrusive grub screws produce a smoother finish than protruding countersunk screws.

Shadow gap inserts of varying thicknesses allow flexibility during installation and alignment.

When to specify a mechanical connector

  • On-site welding not permitted
  • Marine and watercraft installations
  • Fit-outs in occupied or sensitive buildings
  • When volume, shape or size is not appropriate for cast connectors
  • Situations where disassembly may be required
  • Mechanical Joiners concealed inside a straight piece of oval tubing and a curved piece of oval tubing

    Mechanical connectors are custom-made to order. Please speak to us about your requirements so we can discuss suitable options and lead times.

    Connecting

    CNC-Machined Lap Joints

    For custom profiles such as oval tube, we also offer precision CNC-machined lap joints. Machined spigot inserts fit inside the tube, shaped to match the internal geometry for a tight, accurate, and strong fit. A profiled mating face sits seamlessly into the adjoining section, creating a self-aligning joint that maintains the continuity of the tube profile.

    Like the dry-fit mechanical connector, it is suited to situations where on-site welding is not an option, but it bolts together rather than using a dry push-fit.

    CNC-machined lap joints are made to order for your specific profile. Please contact us with your profile size and application details.

    CNC-machined lap joint for oval tube assembly (oval tube, stainless steel 316L, 61 x 37mm)

    Connecting

    End caps

    We supply end caps for furniture and handrail applications in three styles, including some stocked stainless steel 316L end caps for our most popular profiles (see elbow and straight joiners table). They can be welded to your tube for an attractive, finished appearance. Custom sizes are available if your profile is not covered by standard stock.

  • Shallow-dome end caps — a gentle convex curve that removes sharp edges and gives an elegant finish
  • Rounded-edge end caps — slightly smaller than the tube OD to leave room for the weld bead; please ask us about sizing when ordering
  • Straight-sided end caps — a flat-faced, flush-fitting cap
  • brass cz108 oval tube end caps with a mirrored finish

    Domed end cap for oval tube with an antique brass finish

    Ready-made plastic end caps to fit various flat-sided oval tube tube profiles - including end caps with threaded inserts

    End caps can be laser cut from sheet metal then welded to any tube profile, as seen on this D-shaped balustrade

    If you need a custom size or a material other than 316L stainless steel, please ask. Our fabrication team can also weld end caps to your railings or tube.

    Connecting

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Custom Solutions

    Tube-end forming for standard fixtures

    We have developed a method of reforming non-circular profiles — including oval and radiused square tube — back to a circular cross-section at the ends. This lets you use standard off-the-shelf circular tube fittings, brackets, and clamps while retaining the aesthetics and ergonomics of a shaped tube profile along the run.

    Our tube-end forming machinery is highly flexible, allowing us to achieve very specific outside diameters to suit your chosen clamps, connectors, and wall plates.

    Please visit our Tube End Forming page for full details, or speak to a specialist about your application.

    Tube End Forming
     
    mirror polished stainless steel oval tube connected to 90º A plane tube joiner

    OStainless steel elbow connector to fit popular handrail profile, oval tube (61 × 37mm)

    Oval tubing joiner

    B Plane cast elbow joiner made from cast stainless steel 316L

    Yacht balustrade made from stainless steel 316L oval tube (47 x 25 x 1.5mm) with A and B Plane connectors mitre-cut at 45° then welded to form a compound curve

    Custom Solutions

    Mitre-joining

    If a cast connector is not available for your chosen tube profile, our expert tube fabricators can mitre-cut the tube directly and join it by TIG-welding, enabling virtually any angle in any profile.

    Balcony railing corner D-shaped tube, 65 × 28 × 2mm, 316L; mitre-cut and welded without connector

    LFlat-sided oval tube 304 (99 × 38 × 1.5mm) lift car grab rails, mitre-cut at 45° and welded without connectors

    Bespoke Tooling and New Profiles and Radii

    We can develop new tooling or modify existing machine settings for profiles or radii not listed on this page. Purpose-designed tools are typically machined from hardened steel to support controlled, reliable bending across both bespoke and production applications.

    We design and manufacture tooling and jigs in our workshop — from large, custom-built jigs that maintain geometry over long or complex sections, to compact fixed-radius bending machines developed for precision tubes.

    Early consultation during the design stage can help optimise bend radii, tooling, and fabrication efficiency. If specialist mandrel bend tooling is required, this may involve longer lead times. Find out more about our custom-made tooling.

    How to order

    Drawings & 1:1 Printed Templates

    To provide a quotation, we ask that you send us drawings via email showing your required bends. Hand-drawn sketches showing dimensions and the radius or radii will usually suffice if formal drawings are not available.

    Our fabricators work from full-size printed drawings in conjunction with a digital radius gauge. For ring rolling applications, we ask clients to supply 1:1 printed templates — these true-to-size references are used throughout the forming process to visually check the curve as it is formed. For fixed-radius bends, we can usually produce printed drawings in-house directly from your supplied PDF files.

    Get a quote today

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    Need help finding the right tube?

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    Discover our product range

    View our unique shaped metal tube profiles and joining systems.

    View products